Uso de ponderadores y diseño de muestra compleja.
Primer congreso chileno de estudios interdisciplinarios sobre diversidad sexual y de género”

Autores/as
Afiliación

José Daniel Conejeros

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Javiera Porcel

Fecha de publicación

19 de marzo de 2025

¿Qué haremos en este bloque?

En este bloque aprenderemos a utilizar herramientas para ajustar los cálculos estadísticos considerando el diseño muestral complejo de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, Sexualidad y Género (ENSSEX) 2022-2023 en R Exploraremos cómo:

  • Cargar y aplicar un diseño muestral complejo usando survey y srvyr.
  • Comparar estimaciones ponderadas vs no ponderadas.
  • Calcular proporciones, medias ajustadas e intervalos de confianza.
  • Ajustar varianzas y errores estándar considerando la estructura del muestreo.

Diseño muestral ENSSEX

La ENSSEX es una encuesta con diseño probabilístico, por lo que que cada encuestado/a tiene una probabilidad de selección conocida. A su vez, para garantizar representatividad se utilizan factores de expansión y estratos de muestreo. Variable relevantes para definir el diseño muestral complejo:

  • ID de la persona encuestada: folio_encuesta
  • Ponderador muestral: w_personas_cal
  • Estrato de muestreo: varstrat
  • Conglomerado primario: varunit

Para más detalle puede revisar el 📄 manual de factores de expansión.

No ajustar por el diseño muestral puede generar errores estándar incorrectos y estimaciones sesgadas.

Aplicación de un diseño muestral complejo en R

Librerías a utilizar

Para el análisis de los datos de la ENSSEX en R, se pueden utilizar las siguientes librerías:

Click para ver el código
# Para instalar manualmente 
install.packages("tidyverse")
install.packages("rio")
install.packages("haven")
install.packages("survey")
install.packages("srvyr")

# Cargamos las librerías de trabajo 
library("tidyverse")
library("rio")
library("haven")
library("survey")
library("srvyr")

Abrimos los datos:

Click para ver el código
# Hay varios caminos para abrir los datos dependiendo el formato:
data <- rio::import("20240516_enssex_data.rdata") # R

Revisamos la distribución del ponderador:

Click para ver el código
summary(data$w_personas_cal)
    Min.  1st Qu.   Median     Mean  3rd Qu.     Max. 
   9.885  187.409  372.030  666.173  776.121 4625.366 

Uso de svydesign

La librería survey escrito por Thomas Lumley permite ajustar análisis estadísticos a diseños muestrales complejos:

  • Ponderadores: ajustan la probabilidad de selección
  • Estratos: agrupa unidades para mejorar la precisión
  • Conglomerados: evita dependencias entre unidades

Nos permite una aproximación inferencial más precisa a la población (parámetros desconocidos). La función svydesign() define la estructura del muestreo en R.

La estructura estándar del código es:

Parámetro Descripción
id = ~cluster Especifica la unidad primaria de muestreo (UPM) (Ej: comunas, hogares).
strata = ~estrato Define los estratos de muestreo (Ej: regiones, grupos socioeconómicos).
weights = ~ponderador Variable con factores de expansión (ponderadores muestrales).
data = data Base de datos de la encuesta.
nest = TRUE Indica que los estratos están anidados en los conglomerados.
Click para ver el código
svydesign(id = ~cluster, 
          strata = ~estrato, 
          weights = ~ponderador, 
          data = data, 
          nest = TRUE
  )

Definamos el diseño para la ENSSEX

Click para ver el código
# Definir diseño muestral ENSSEX
enssex_design <- svydesign(
  id = ~varunit,   # UPM
  strata = ~varstrat,    # Estratos
  weights = ~ w_personas_cal,  # Ponderador muestral
  data = data,
  nest = TRUE,
)

# Revisar el diseño
summary(enssex_design)
Stratified 1 - level Cluster Sampling design (with replacement)
With (372) clusters.
svydesign(id = ~varunit, strata = ~varstrat, weights = ~w_personas_cal, 
    data = data, nest = TRUE, )
Probabilities:
     Min.   1st Qu.    Median      Mean   3rd Qu.      Max. 
0.0002162 0.0012885 0.0026880 0.0042115 0.0053359 0.1011634 
Stratum Sizes: 
           10111001 10111002 10211001 10311001 10411001 10411002 10511001
obs             432      184      558      307      411      426      307
design.PSU        8        3       10        5        7        8        5
actual.PSU        8        3       10        5        7        8        5
           10511002 10611001 10711001 10811001 10811002 10911001 10911002
obs             383      468      582      329      234      636      113
design.PSU        7        9       10        6        4       11        2
actual.PSU        7        9       10        6        4       11        2
           11011001 11111001 11211019 11311001 11311002 11311003 11311006
obs             665      321      379      166      281      131      130
design.PSU       12        6        7        3        6        2        2
actual.PSU       12        6        7        3        6        2        2
           11311007 11311008 11311011 11311012 11311013 11311015 11311016
obs              89      134      259      103      108      195      156
design.PSU        2        2        5        2        2        4        3
actual.PSU        2        2        5        2        2        4        3
           11311018 11311019 11311020 11311021 11311022 11311024 11311026
obs             102      101      331      136      259      133      109
design.PSU        2        2        6        2        5        3        2
actual.PSU        2        2        6        2        5        3        2
           11311028 11311029 11311031 11311033 11411001 11511002 11611001
obs             158      175      126      464      385      524      544
design.PSU        3        3        2        9        7        9       10
actual.PSU        3        3        2        9        7        9       10
           20211001 20212001 20311001 20313001 20411005 20412001 20511001
obs             248       86       92      131      171      168      298
design.PSU        5        2        2        2        3        3        6
actual.PSU        5        2        2        2        3        3        6
           20511002 20512001 20513001 20611001 20612001 20612002 20613001
obs             333      272      120      351      201      217      185
design.PSU        6        5        2        6        4        4        3
actual.PSU        6        5        2        6        4        4        3
           20711001 20712001 20712002 20811001 20811002 20811003 20812001
obs             365      209      295      311      366      189      185
design.PSU        6        4        5        6        7        3        3
actual.PSU        6        4        5        6        7        3        3
           20812002 20812003 20911001 20912001 20912002 20913001 21011002
obs             170       85      141      215      265      125      363
design.PSU        3        2        3        4        5        2        7
actual.PSU        3        2        3        4        5        2        7
           21012001 21012002 21013001 21013002 21112001 21212020 21311001
obs             212       98       99       89      181       72      419
design.PSU        4        2        2        2        3        2        8
actual.PSU        4        2        2        2        3        2        8
           21312001 21412001 21413001 21611001 21612001 21613001 21613002
obs             127      202       76      118      226      140      142
design.PSU        3        4        1        2        4        2        2
actual.PSU        3        4        1        2        4        2        2
Data variables:
   [1] "folio_encuesta"                     
   [2] "folio_manzana"                      
   [3] "sbj_num"                            
   [4] "region"                             
   [5] "comuna"                             
   [6] "fecha"                              
   [7] "p1"                                 
   [8] "p2"                                 
   [9] "p3"                                 
  [10] "p3_otro"                            
  [11] "p4"                                 
  [12] "p5"                                 
  [13] "p6"                                 
  [14] "p7"                                 
  [15] "p8"                                 
  [16] "i_1_p9"                             
  [17] "i_2_p9"                             
  [18] "i_3_p9"                             
  [19] "i_4_p9"                             
  [20] "i_5_p9"                             
  [21] "i_6_p9"                             
  [22] "p10"                                
  [23] "i_1_p11"                            
  [24] "i_2_p11"                            
  [25] "i_3_p11"                            
  [26] "i_4_p11"                            
  [27] "i_1_p12"                            
  [28] "i_1_p13"                            
  [29] "i_2_p12"                            
  [30] "i_2_p13"                            
  [31] "i_1_p16"                            
  [32] "i_2_p16"                            
  [33] "i_3_p16"                            
  [34] "i_4_p16"                            
  [35] "i_5_p16"                            
  [36] "i_6_p16"                            
  [37] "i_7_p16"                            
  [38] "i_8_p16"                            
  [39] "i_9_p16"                            
  [40] "i_1_p17"                            
  [41] "i_2_p17"                            
  [42] "i_1_p18a1"                          
  [43] "i_1_p18b1"                          
  [44] "i_1_p18c1"                          
  [45] "i_1_p18d1"                          
  [46] "i_1_p18e1"                          
  [47] "i_2_p18a1"                          
  [48] "i_2_p18b1"                          
  [49] "i_2_p18c1"                          
  [50] "i_2_p18d1"                          
  [51] "i_2_p18e1"                          
  [52] "i_1_p18a2"                          
  [53] "i_1_p18b2"                          
  [54] "i_1_p18c2"                          
  [55] "i_1_p18e2"                          
  [56] "i_1_p18a3"                          
  [57] "i_1_p18b3"                          
  [58] "i_1_p18c3"                          
  [59] "i_1_p18d3"                          
  [60] "i_1_p18e3"                          
  [61] "i_2_p18a3"                          
  [62] "i_2_p18b3"                          
  [63] "i_2_p18c3"                          
  [64] "i_2_p18d3"                          
  [65] "i_2_p18e3"                          
  [66] "i_3_p18a3"                          
  [67] "i_3_p18b3"                          
  [68] "i_3_p18c3"                          
  [69] "i_3_p18d3"                          
  [70] "i_3_p18e3"                          
  [71] "i_4_p18a3"                          
  [72] "i_4_p18b3"                          
  [73] "i_4_p18c3"                          
  [74] "i_4_p18d3"                          
  [75] "i_4_p18e3"                          
  [76] "i_5_p18a3"                          
  [77] "i_5_p18b3"                          
  [78] "i_5_p18c3"                          
  [79] "i_5_p18d3"                          
  [80] "i_5_p18e3"                          
  [81] "p19"                                
  [82] "p20a"                               
  [83] "p20b"                               
  [84] "p20c"                               
  [85] "p21a"                               
  [86] "p21b"                               
  [87] "p21c"                               
  [88] "p22"                                
  [89] "p23"                                
  [90] "i_1_p24"                            
  [91] "i_2_p24"                            
  [92] "i_3_p24"                            
  [93] "i_1_p25"                            
  [94] "i_1_p26"                            
  [95] "i_2_p25"                            
  [96] "i_2_p26"                            
  [97] "i_3_p25"                            
  [98] "i_3_p26"                            
  [99] "i_4_p25"                            
 [100] "i_4_p26"                            
 [101] "i_5_p25"                            
 [102] "i_5_p26"                            
 [103] "i_6_p25"                            
 [104] "i_6_p26"                            
 [105] "i_7_p25"                            
 [106] "i_7_p26"                            
 [107] "i_8_p25"                            
 [108] "i_8_p26"                            
 [109] "p25_otra1"                          
 [110] "p27"                                
 [111] "i_1_p28"                            
 [112] "i_2_p28"                            
 [113] "i_3_p28"                            
 [114] "i_4_p28"                            
 [115] "i_5_p28"                            
 [116] "i_6_p28"                            
 [117] "i_7_p28"                            
 [118] "p29"                                
 [119] "p30_o1"                             
 [120] "p30_o2"                             
 [121] "p30_o3"                             
 [122] "p30_o4"                             
 [123] "p30_o5"                             
 [124] "p30_o6"                             
 [125] "p31"                                
 [126] "p32"                                
 [127] "i_1_p33"                            
 [128] "i_2_p33"                            
 [129] "i_3_p33"                            
 [130] "i_4_p33"                            
 [131] "i_5_p33"                            
 [132] "p34"                                
 [133] "p35"                                
 [134] "t_p36_1"                            
 [135] "t_p36_2"                            
 [136] "p37"                                
 [137] "p38"                                
 [138] "i_1_p39"                            
 [139] "i_2_p39"                            
 [140] "i_1_p40_o1"                         
 [141] "i_1_p40_o2"                         
 [142] "i_1_p40_o3"                         
 [143] "i_1_p40_o4"                         
 [144] "i_1_p40_o5"                         
 [145] "i_1_p40_o6"                         
 [146] "i_1_p40_o7"                         
 [147] "i_1_p40_o8"                         
 [148] "i_1_p40_o9"                         
 [149] "i_1_p40_o10"                        
 [150] "i_1_p40_o11"                        
 [151] "i_2_p40_o1"                         
 [152] "i_2_p40_o2"                         
 [153] "i_2_p40_o3"                         
 [154] "i_2_p40_o4"                         
 [155] "i_2_p40_o5"                         
 [156] "i_2_p40_o6"                         
 [157] "i_2_p40_o7"                         
 [158] "i_2_p40_o8"                         
 [159] "i_2_p40_o9"                         
 [160] "i_2_p40_o10"                        
 [161] "i_2_p40_o11"                        
 [162] "i_3_p40_o1"                         
 [163] "i_3_p40_o2"                         
 [164] "i_3_p40_o3"                         
 [165] "i_3_p40_o4"                         
 [166] "i_3_p40_o5"                         
 [167] "i_3_p40_o6"                         
 [168] "i_3_p40_o7"                         
 [169] "i_3_p40_o8"                         
 [170] "i_3_p40_o9"                         
 [171] "i_3_p40_o10"                        
 [172] "i_3_p40_o11"                        
 [173] "i_1_p41"                            
 [174] "i_2_p41"                            
 [175] "i_3_p41"                            
 [176] "i_4_p41"                            
 [177] "i_5_p41"                            
 [178] "p42"                                
 [179] "p43"                                
 [180] "p44"                                
 [181] "p45"                                
 [182] "p46"                                
 [183] "p46_rec"                            
 [184] "t_p47_1"                            
 [185] "t_p47_2"                            
 [186] "t_p47_3"                            
 [187] "p48"                                
 [188] "p49"                                
 [189] "p50_o1"                             
 [190] "p50_o2"                             
 [191] "p50_o3"                             
 [192] "p50_o4"                             
 [193] "p50_o5"                             
 [194] "p51"                                
 [195] "p52"                                
 [196] "p53"                                
 [197] "p54"                                
 [198] "p55"                                
 [199] "p56"                                
 [200] "p57_o1"                             
 [201] "p57_o2"                             
 [202] "p57_o3"                             
 [203] "p57_o4"                             
 [204] "p57_o5"                             
 [205] "p57_o6"                             
 [206] "p57_o7"                             
 [207] "p57_o8"                             
 [208] "p57_o9"                             
 [209] "p57_o10"                            
 [210] "p57_o11"                            
 [211] "p57_o12"                            
 [212] "p57_o13"                            
 [213] "p57_o14"                            
 [214] "p58"                                
 [215] "q_128_s"                            
 [216] "p59"                                
 [217] "p59_otro"                           
 [218] "p60"                                
 [219] "q_130_s"                            
 [220] "p61"                                
 [221] "p62"                                
 [222] "q_133_s"                            
 [223] "p63"                                
 [224] "q_134_s"                            
 [225] "p64"                                
 [226] "p65"                                
 [227] "p66"                                
 [228] "p66_det"                            
 [229] "p67"                                
 [230] "p68"                                
 [231] "p69"                                
 [232] "p70a"                               
 [233] "p70b"                               
 [234] "p70c"                               
 [235] "p71"                                
 [236] "p72a"                               
 [237] "p72b"                               
 [238] "p72c"                               
 [239] "p73"                                
 [240] "p74"                                
 [241] "p75a"                               
 [242] "p75b"                               
 [243] "p75c"                               
 [244] "p76"                                
 [245] "p77"                                
 [246] "p78"                                
 [247] "p79a"                               
 [248] "p79b"                               
 [249] "p79c"                               
 [250] "p80a"                               
 [251] "p80b"                               
 [252] "p80c"                               
 [253] "p81"                                
 [254] "p82"                                
 [255] "p83"                                
 [256] "p84"                                
 [257] "p85"                                
 [258] "p86"                                
 [259] "p87"                                
 [260] "p88"                                
 [261] "p89"                                
 [262] "p90"                                
 [263] "p91"                                
 [264] "p92"                                
 [265] "p93"                                
 [266] "p94"                                
 [267] "p95"                                
 [268] "p96"                                
 [269] "p97"                                
 [270] "p98"                                
 [271] "p99"                                
 [272] "p100"                               
 [273] "p101a"                              
 [274] "p101b"                              
 [275] "p101c"                              
 [276] "i_1_p102"                           
 [277] "i_2_p102"                           
 [278] "i_3_p102"                           
 [279] "i_4_p102"                           
 [280] "i_5_p102"                           
 [281] "i_6_p102"                           
 [282] "i_7_p102"                           
 [283] "i_8_p102"                           
 [284] "p103_o1"                            
 [285] "p103_o2"                            
 [286] "p103_o3"                            
 [287] "p103_o4"                            
 [288] "p103_o5"                            
 [289] "p103_o6"                            
 [290] "p103_o7"                            
 [291] "p103_o8"                            
 [292] "p103_o9"                            
 [293] "s_p103_8"                           
 [294] "p104_o1"                            
 [295] "p104_o2"                            
 [296] "p104_o3"                            
 [297] "p104_o4"                            
 [298] "p104_o5"                            
 [299] "p104_o6"                            
 [300] "p104_o7"                            
 [301] "p104_o8"                            
 [302] "p104_o9"                            
 [303] "s_p104_8"                           
 [304] "p105"                               
 [305] "p106"                               
 [306] "p107"                               
 [307] "p108"                               
 [308] "p109"                               
 [309] "p110"                               
 [310] "p111"                               
 [311] "p112"                               
 [312] "p113a"                              
 [313] "p113b"                              
 [314] "p114"                               
 [315] "p115"                               
 [316] "p116"                               
 [317] "q_205_s"                            
 [318] "p117"                               
 [319] "p118"                               
 [320] "q_207_s"                            
 [321] "p119"                               
 [322] "p120_o1"                            
 [323] "p120_o2"                            
 [324] "p120_o3"                            
 [325] "p120_o4"                            
 [326] "p120_o5"                            
 [327] "p120_o6"                            
 [328] "p120_o7"                            
 [329] "p120_o8"                            
 [330] "p120_o9"                            
 [331] "p120_o10"                           
 [332] "p120_o11"                           
 [333] "p120_o12"                           
 [334] "p120_o13"                           
 [335] "p120_o14"                           
 [336] "s_p120_13"                          
 [337] "p121a"                              
 [338] "p121b"                              
 [339] "p121c"                              
 [340] "p122"                               
 [341] "q_213_s"                            
 [342] "p123"                               
 [343] "q_214_s"                            
 [344] "p124"                               
 [345] "p125_o1"                            
 [346] "p125_o2"                            
 [347] "p125_o3"                            
 [348] "p125_o4"                            
 [349] "p126"                               
 [350] "p127"                               
 [351] "p128"                               
 [352] "p129"                               
 [353] "p130"                               
 [354] "p131"                               
 [355] "q_222_s"                            
 [356] "p132"                               
 [357] "p133"                               
 [358] "q_227_s"                            
 [359] "p134"                               
 [360] "q_228_s"                            
 [361] "p135"                               
 [362] "p136"                               
 [363] "p137_o1"                            
 [364] "p137_o2"                            
 [365] "p137_o3"                            
 [366] "p137_o4"                            
 [367] "p138"                               
 [368] "p139"                               
 [369] "p140"                               
 [370] "i_1_p141"                           
 [371] "i_2_p141"                           
 [372] "i_3_p141"                           
 [373] "i_4_p141"                           
 [374] "p141_otro"                          
 [375] "p142"                               
 [376] "p143_o1"                            
 [377] "p143_o2"                            
 [378] "p143_o3"                            
 [379] "p143_o4"                            
 [380] "p143_o5"                            
 [381] "p143_o6"                            
 [382] "p143_o7"                            
 [383] "p143_o8"                            
 [384] "p143_o9"                            
 [385] "s_p143_8"                           
 [386] "p144"                               
 [387] "p145_o1"                            
 [388] "p145_o2"                            
 [389] "p145_o3"                            
 [390] "p145_o4"                            
 [391] "p145_o5"                            
 [392] "p145_o6"                            
 [393] "p145_o7"                            
 [394] "p145_o8"                            
 [395] "p145_o9"                            
 [396] "p145_o10"                           
 [397] "p145_o11"                           
 [398] "p145_o12"                           
 [399] "p146_o1"                            
 [400] "p146_o2"                            
 [401] "p146_o3"                            
 [402] "p146_o4"                            
 [403] "s_p146_3"                           
 [404] "p147"                               
 [405] "p148_o1"                            
 [406] "p148_o2"                            
 [407] "p148_o3"                            
 [408] "p148_o4"                            
 [409] "i_1_p149"                           
 [410] "i_1_p150"                           
 [411] "i_2_p149"                           
 [412] "i_2_p150"                           
 [413] "i_3_p149"                           
 [414] "i_3_p150"                           
 [415] "i_4_p149"                           
 [416] "i_4_p150"                           
 [417] "i_5_p149"                           
 [418] "i_5_p150"                           
 [419] "i_6_p149"                           
 [420] "i_6_p150"                           
 [421] "i_7_p149"                           
 [422] "i_7_p150"                           
 [423] "p153"                               
 [424] "p154_o1"                            
 [425] "p154_o2"                            
 [426] "p154_o3"                            
 [427] "p154_o4"                            
 [428] "p154_o5"                            
 [429] "p154_o6"                            
 [430] "p154_o7"                            
 [431] "p154_o8"                            
 [432] "p154_o9"                            
 [433] "p154_o10"                           
 [434] "p154_o11"                           
 [435] "p154_o12"                           
 [436] "p154_o13"                           
 [437] "s_p154_12"                          
 [438] "p155"                               
 [439] "q_250_s"                            
 [440] "p156"                               
 [441] "i_1_p157"                           
 [442] "i_2_p157"                           
 [443] "i_3_p157"                           
 [444] "i_4_p157"                           
 [445] "p158"                               
 [446] "p159"                               
 [447] "p160"                               
 [448] "p161"                               
 [449] "p162"                               
 [450] "p163a_o1"                           
 [451] "p163a_o2"                           
 [452] "p163a_o3"                           
 [453] "p163a_o4"                           
 [454] "p163a_o5"                           
 [455] "s_p163a_4"                          
 [456] "p163b"                              
 [457] "q_259_s"                            
 [458] "p164"                               
 [459] "p165"                               
 [460] "q_261_s"                            
 [461] "p166"                               
 [462] "p167"                               
 [463] "p168"                               
 [464] "q_264_s"                            
 [465] "p169"                               
 [466] "p170"                               
 [467] "p171"                               
 [468] "p172"                               
 [469] "p173"                               
 [470] "p174"                               
 [471] "p175"                               
 [472] "p176"                               
 [473] "p177_o1"                            
 [474] "p177_o2"                            
 [475] "p177_o3"                            
 [476] "p177_o4"                            
 [477] "p177_o5"                            
 [478] "p177_o6"                            
 [479] "p177_o7"                            
 [480] "p177_o8"                            
 [481] "s_p177_7"                           
 [482] "p178_o1"                            
 [483] "p178_o2"                            
 [484] "p178_o3"                            
 [485] "p178_o4"                            
 [486] "p178_o5"                            
 [487] "p178_o6"                            
 [488] "s_p178_5"                           
 [489] "i_1_p179"                           
 [490] "i_2_p179"                           
 [491] "i_3_p179"                           
 [492] "i_4_p179"                           
 [493] "p180"                               
 [494] "p181_dia_termino"                   
 [495] "p181_mes_termino"                   
 [496] "p181_ano_termino"                   
 [497] "p182_dia_no_termino"                
 [498] "p182_mes_no_termino"                
 [499] "p182_ano_no_termino"                
 [500] "p183"                               
 [501] "p184"                               
 [502] "p185"                               
 [503] "p186"                               
 [504] "p187"                               
 [505] "p188"                               
 [506] "p189"                               
 [507] "p190"                               
 [508] "p191"                               
 [509] "p192"                               
 [510] "p193"                               
 [511] "p194"                               
 [512] "p195"                               
 [513] "i_1_p196"                           
 [514] "i_2_p196"                           
 [515] "p197"                               
 [516] "p198"                               
 [517] "q_295_s"                            
 [518] "p199"                               
 [519] "p200"                               
 [520] "p201"                               
 [521] "i_1_p202a"                          
 [522] "i_1_p203a"                          
 [523] "i_1_p204a"                          
 [524] "i_1_p205a"                          
 [525] "i_2_p202a"                          
 [526] "i_2_p203a"                          
 [527] "i_2_p204a"                          
 [528] "i_2_p205a"                          
 [529] "i_3_p202a"                          
 [530] "i_3_p203a"                          
 [531] "i_3_p204a"                          
 [532] "i_3_p205a"                          
 [533] "i_4_p202a"                          
 [534] "i_4_p203a"                          
 [535] "i_4_p204a"                          
 [536] "i_4_p205a"                          
 [537] "i_1_p202b"                          
 [538] "i_1_p203b"                          
 [539] "i_1_p204b"                          
 [540] "i_2_p202b"                          
 [541] "i_2_p203b"                          
 [542] "i_2_p204b"                          
 [543] "i_3_p202b"                          
 [544] "i_3_p203b"                          
 [545] "i_3_p204b"                          
 [546] "i_4_p202b"                          
 [547] "i_4_p203b"                          
 [548] "i_4_p204b"                          
 [549] "i_5_p202b"                          
 [550] "i_5_p203b"                          
 [551] "i_5_p204b"                          
 [552] "i_6_p202b"                          
 [553] "i_6_p203b"                          
 [554] "i_6_p204b"                          
 [555] "i_7_p202b"                          
 [556] "i_7_p203b"                          
 [557] "i_7_p204b"                          
 [558] "p206"                               
 [559] "q_307_s"                            
 [560] "p207"                               
 [561] "p208"                               
 [562] "p209"                               
 [563] "p210"                               
 [564] "q_311_s"                            
 [565] "p211_o1"                            
 [566] "p211_o2"                            
 [567] "p211_o3"                            
 [568] "p211_o4"                            
 [569] "p211_o5"                            
 [570] "p211_o6"                            
 [571] "p211_o7"                            
 [572] "p211_o8"                            
 [573] "s_p211_7"                           
 [574] "i_1_p212"                           
 [575] "i_2_p212"                           
 [576] "i_3_p212"                           
 [577] "i_4_p212"                           
 [578] "i_5_p212"                           
 [579] "i_6_p212"                           
 [580] "p213"                               
 [581] "p214"                               
 [582] "p215"                               
 [583] "p216"                               
 [584] "p217"                               
 [585] "p218"                               
 [586] "p219"                               
 [587] "p220"                               
 [588] "p221"                               
 [589] "p222"                               
 [590] "p223"                               
 [591] "p224a"                              
 [592] "p224b"                              
 [593] "p225"                               
 [594] "q_327_s"                            
 [595] "p226_o1"                            
 [596] "p226_o2"                            
 [597] "p226_o3"                            
 [598] "p226_o4"                            
 [599] "p226_o5"                            
 [600] "s_p226_4"                           
 [601] "p227"                               
 [602] "p228"                               
 [603] "p229"                               
 [604] "p230"                               
 [605] "p231"                               
 [606] "p232"                               
 [607] "p233"                               
 [608] "p234"                               
 [609] "p235"                               
 [610] "i_1_p236_h"                         
 [611] "i_1_p237_h"                         
 [612] "i_2_p236_h"                         
 [613] "i_2_p237_h"                         
 [614] "i_3_p236_h"                         
 [615] "i_3_p237_h"                         
 [616] "i_4_p236_h"                         
 [617] "i_4_p237_h"                         
 [618] "i_5_p236_h"                         
 [619] "i_5_p237_h"                         
 [620] "i_1_p236_m"                         
 [621] "i_1_p237_m"                         
 [622] "i_3_p236_m"                         
 [623] "i_3_p237_m"                         
 [624] "i_4_p236_m"                         
 [625] "i_4_p237_m"                         
 [626] "i_6_p236_m"                         
 [627] "i_6_p237_m"                         
 [628] "p238"                               
 [629] "p239_o1"                            
 [630] "p239_o2"                            
 [631] "p239_o3"                            
 [632] "p239_o4"                            
 [633] "p239_o5"                            
 [634] "p239_o6"                            
 [635] "p239_o7"                            
 [636] "p239_o8"                            
 [637] "p239_o9"                            
 [638] "p239_o10"                           
 [639] "p239_o11"                           
 [640] "s_p239_10"                          
 [641] "i_1_p240"                           
 [642] "i_1_p241"                           
 [643] "i_2_p240"                           
 [644] "i_2_p241"                           
 [645] "p240c"                              
 [646] "p241c"                              
 [647] "p242"                               
 [648] "p243_o1"                            
 [649] "p243_o2"                            
 [650] "p243_o3"                            
 [651] "p243_o4"                            
 [652] "p243_o5"                            
 [653] "p243_o6"                            
 [654] "s_p243_5"                           
 [655] "i_1_p244"                           
 [656] "i_1_p245"                           
 [657] "i_1_p246"                           
 [658] "i_2_p244"                           
 [659] "i_2_p245"                           
 [660] "i_2_p246"                           
 [661] "i_3_p244"                           
 [662] "i_3_p245"                           
 [663] "i_3_p246"                           
 [664] "i_4_p244"                           
 [665] "i_4_p245"                           
 [666] "i_4_p246"                           
 [667] "p247"                               
 [668] "p248"                               
 [669] "p249"                               
 [670] "p250"                               
 [671] "p251"                               
 [672] "p252"                               
 [673] "p253_o1"                            
 [674] "p253_o2"                            
 [675] "p253_o3"                            
 [676] "p253_o4"                            
 [677] "p253_o5"                            
 [678] "p253_o6"                            
 [679] "p253_o7"                            
 [680] "p253_o8"                            
 [681] "p253_o9"                            
 [682] "p253_o10"                           
 [683] "p253_o11"                           
 [684] "p253_o12"                           
 [685] "p253_o13"                           
 [686] "p253_o14"                           
 [687] "p253_o15"                           
 [688] "p253_o16"                           
 [689] "p253_o17"                           
 [690] "p253_o18"                           
 [691] "p253_o19"                           
 [692] "s_p253_7"                           
 [693] "p254"                               
 [694] "p255"                               
 [695] "p256"                               
 [696] "p257"                               
 [697] "p258"                               
 [698] "p259_o1"                            
 [699] "p259_o2"                            
 [700] "p259_o3"                            
 [701] "p259_o4"                            
 [702] "p259_o5"                            
 [703] "p259_o6"                            
 [704] "p259_o7"                            
 [705] "p259_o8"                            
 [706] "p259_o9"                            
 [707] "p259_o10"                           
 [708] "p259_o11"                           
 [709] "p259_o12"                           
 [710] "p259_o13"                           
 [711] "p259_o14"                           
 [712] "p259_o15"                           
 [713] "p259_o16"                           
 [714] "p259_o17"                           
 [715] "s_p259_4"                           
 [716] "p260"                               
 [717] "p261"                               
 [718] "p262"                               
 [719] "p263"                               
 [720] "q_373_s"                            
 [721] "p265"                               
 [722] "q_374_s"                            
 [723] "p267"                               
 [724] "p268"                               
 [725] "q_376_s"                            
 [726] "p269"                               
 [727] "p270"                               
 [728] "p271"                               
 [729] "p272"                               
 [730] "p273"                               
 [731] "p274"                               
 [732] "p275"                               
 [733] "p276"                               
 [734] "p277"                               
 [735] "p278"                               
 [736] "p279"                               
 [737] "p280"                               
 [738] "p281"                               
 [739] "q_389_s"                            
 [740] "p282"                               
 [741] "p283"                               
 [742] "exp"                                
 [743] "p284"                               
 [744] "p285"                               
 [745] "p286"                               
 [746] "p287"                               
 [747] "i_1_p288"                           
 [748] "i_1_p289"                           
 [749] "i_1_p290"                           
 [750] "i_1_p291"                           
 [751] "i_1_p292"                           
 [752] "i_1_p293"                           
 [753] "i_1_p294"                           
 [754] "i_1_p295"                           
 [755] "i_1_p296"                           
 [756] "i_1_p297"                           
 [757] "i_2_p288"                           
 [758] "i_2_p289"                           
 [759] "i_2_p290"                           
 [760] "i_2_p291"                           
 [761] "i_2_p292"                           
 [762] "i_2_p293"                           
 [763] "i_2_p294"                           
 [764] "i_2_p295"                           
 [765] "i_2_p296"                           
 [766] "i_2_p297"                           
 [767] "i_3_p288"                           
 [768] "i_3_p289"                           
 [769] "i_3_p290"                           
 [770] "i_3_p291"                           
 [771] "i_3_p292"                           
 [772] "i_3_p293"                           
 [773] "i_3_p294"                           
 [774] "i_3_p295"                           
 [775] "i_3_p296"                           
 [776] "i_3_p297"                           
 [777] "i_4_p288"                           
 [778] "i_4_p289"                           
 [779] "i_4_p290"                           
 [780] "i_4_p291"                           
 [781] "i_4_p292"                           
 [782] "i_4_p293"                           
 [783] "i_4_p294"                           
 [784] "i_4_p295"                           
 [785] "i_4_p296"                           
 [786] "i_4_p297"                           
 [787] "i_5_p288"                           
 [788] "i_5_p289"                           
 [789] "i_5_p290"                           
 [790] "i_5_p291"                           
 [791] "i_5_p292"                           
 [792] "i_5_p293"                           
 [793] "i_5_p294"                           
 [794] "i_5_p295"                           
 [795] "i_5_p296"                           
 [796] "i_5_p297"                           
 [797] "i_6_p288"                           
 [798] "i_6_p289"                           
 [799] "i_6_p290"                           
 [800] "i_6_p291"                           
 [801] "i_6_p292"                           
 [802] "i_6_p293"                           
 [803] "i_6_p294"                           
 [804] "i_6_p295"                           
 [805] "i_6_p296"                           
 [806] "i_6_p297"                           
 [807] "i_7_p288"                           
 [808] "i_7_p289"                           
 [809] "i_7_p290"                           
 [810] "i_7_p291"                           
 [811] "i_7_p292"                           
 [812] "i_7_p293"                           
 [813] "i_7_p294"                           
 [814] "i_7_p295"                           
 [815] "i_7_p296"                           
 [816] "i_7_p297"                           
 [817] "i_8_p288"                           
 [818] "i_8_p289"                           
 [819] "i_8_p290"                           
 [820] "i_8_p291"                           
 [821] "i_8_p292"                           
 [822] "i_8_p293"                           
 [823] "i_8_p294"                           
 [824] "i_8_p295"                           
 [825] "i_8_p296"                           
 [826] "i_8_p297"                           
 [827] "i_9_p288"                           
 [828] "i_9_p289"                           
 [829] "i_9_p290"                           
 [830] "i_9_p291"                           
 [831] "i_9_p292"                           
 [832] "i_9_p293"                           
 [833] "i_9_p294"                           
 [834] "i_9_p295"                           
 [835] "i_9_p296"                           
 [836] "i_9_p297"                           
 [837] "i_10_p288"                          
 [838] "i_10_p289"                          
 [839] "i_10_p290"                          
 [840] "i_10_p291"                          
 [841] "i_10_p292"                          
 [842] "i_10_p293"                          
 [843] "i_10_p294"                          
 [844] "i_10_p295"                          
 [845] "i_10_p296"                          
 [846] "i_10_p297"                          
 [847] "i_1_p298"                           
 [848] "i_1_p299"                           
 [849] "i_1_p300"                           
 [850] "i_1_p301"                           
 [851] "i_1_p302"                           
 [852] "i_2_p298"                           
 [853] "i_2_p299"                           
 [854] "i_2_p300"                           
 [855] "i_2_p301"                           
 [856] "i_2_p302"                           
 [857] "i_3_p298"                           
 [858] "i_3_p299"                           
 [859] "i_3_p300"                           
 [860] "i_3_p301"                           
 [861] "i_3_p302"                           
 [862] "i_4_p298"                           
 [863] "i_4_p299"                           
 [864] "i_4_p300"                           
 [865] "i_4_p301"                           
 [866] "i_4_p302"                           
 [867] "i_5_p298"                           
 [868] "i_5_p299"                           
 [869] "i_5_p300"                           
 [870] "i_5_p301"                           
 [871] "i_5_p302"                           
 [872] "i_6_p298"                           
 [873] "i_6_p299"                           
 [874] "i_6_p300"                           
 [875] "i_6_p301"                           
 [876] "i_6_p302"                           
 [877] "i_7_p298"                           
 [878] "i_7_p299"                           
 [879] "i_7_p300"                           
 [880] "i_7_p301"                           
 [881] "i_7_p302"                           
 [882] "i_8_p298"                           
 [883] "i_8_p299"                           
 [884] "i_8_p300"                           
 [885] "i_8_p301"                           
 [886] "i_8_p302"                           
 [887] "i_9_p298"                           
 [888] "i_9_p299"                           
 [889] "i_9_p300"                           
 [890] "i_9_p301"                           
 [891] "i_9_p302"                           
 [892] "i_10_p298"                          
 [893] "i_10_p299"                          
 [894] "i_10_p300"                          
 [895] "i_10_p301"                          
 [896] "i_10_p302"                          
 [897] "p303"                               
 [898] "p304"                               
 [899] "i_1_p305"                           
 [900] "i_2_p305"                           
 [901] "i_3_p305"                           
 [902] "sel_1"                              
 [903] "menores"                            
 [904] "entre_18_29"                        
 [905] "elegibles"                          
 [906] "tramo_edad"                         
 [907] "celda_sexo_edad"                    
 [908] "educ"                               
 [909] "w_personas_cal"                     
 [910] "responde_modhogar"                  
 [911] "tramo_edad_4"                       
 [912] "celda_sexo_edad_hogar"              
 [913] "w_personas_cal_nr_mod_hogar"        
 [914] "varunit"                            
 [915] "varstrat"                           
 [916] "buena_salud"                        
 [917] "relaciones_sexuales"                
 [918] "q_214_s_v2"                         
 [919] "p25_otra1_v2"                       
 [920] "p25_otra2_v2"                       
 [921] "q_128_s_v2"                         
 [922] "q_134_s_v2"                         
 [923] "q_207_s_v2"                         
 [924] "q_213_s_v2"                         
 [925] "q_295_s_v2"                         
 [926] "q_307_s_v2"                         
 [927] "q_311_s_v2"                         
 [928] "q_327_s_v2"                         
 [929] "q_389_s_v2"                         
 [930] "s_p120_13_v2"                       
 [931] "s_p177_7_v2"                        
 [932] "q_130_s_v2"                         
 [933] "q_374_s_v2"                         
 [934] "s_p211_7_v2"                        
 [935] "q_227_s_v2"                         
 [936] "q_228_s_v2"                         
 [937] "fechaR"                             
 [938] "edad"                               
 [939] "fecha_nacimiento"                   
 [940] "fecha_nacimiento_ano"               
 [941] "fecha_nacimiento_ano_ag"            
 [942] "fecha_nacimiento_ano_ag2"           
 [943] "edad5"                              
 [944] "edad8"                              
 [945] "edad13"                             
 [946] "edad2"                              
 [947] "edad4_pap"                          
 [948] "p6_R"                               
 [949] "p5_R"                               
 [950] "educ12"                             
 [951] "p8_R"                               
 [952] "p284_R"                             
 [953] "educ6"                              
 [954] "educ3"                              
 [955] "orientacion_sexual"                 
 [956] "orientacion_sexual_separado"        
 [957] "pueblos"                            
 [958] "prevision_salud"                    
 [959] "genero"                             
 [960] "genero_separada"                    
 [961] "calidad_vida"                       
 [962] "bienestar_vida_sexual"              
 [963] "salud_general"                      
 [964] "mamografia_ult1"                    
 [965] "mamografia_ult3"                    
 [966] "mamografia_ult2"                    
 [967] "pap_ult1"                           
 [968] "pap_ult3"                           
 [969] "antigeno_prostatico"                
 [970] "orgasmo"                            
 [971] "homosexualidad"                     
 [972] "sexo_amor"                          
 [973] "comunicacion_sexual"                
 [974] "juego_sexual"                       
 [975] "relacion_sexual_padre"              
 [976] "relacion_sexual_madre"              
 [977] "relacion_sexual_hermanos"           
 [978] "relacion_sexual_pareja"             
 [979] "relacion_sexual_amigos"             
 [980] "relacion_sexual_profesores"         
 [981] "relacion_sexual_profesionales_salud"
 [982] "relacion_sexual_por_mi"             
 [983] "relacion_sexual_otras"              
 [984] "relacion_sin_duda"                  
 [985] "relacion_no_sabe_no_responde"       
 [986] "relacion_sexual_hermanos_amigos"    
 [987] "edad_primer_beso"                   
 [988] "iniciados_sexualmente"              
 [989] "edad_primera_rsex"                  
 [990] "comunicacion_1rs"                   
 [991] "condon_primera_rsex"                
 [992] "uso_condon"                         
 [993] "anticonceptivas_primera_rsex"       
 [994] "condon_primera_rsex_motivo"         
 [995] "lugar_primera_rsex"                 
 [996] "vinculo_primera_rsex"               
 [997] "hsh"                                
 [998] "n_parejas_sexuales"                 
 [999] "n_parejas_sexuales_ano"             
[1000] "n_parejas_sexuales_mes"             
[1001] "uso_condon_ultimo_ano"              
[1002] "practicas_sexuales_vagina"          
[1003] "practicas_sexuales_anal"            
[1004] "practicas_sexuales_oral"            
[1005] "p101_a"                             
[1006] "p101_b"                             
[1007] "p101_c"                             
[1008] "indicador"                          
[1009] "indicador2"                         
[1010] "repertorio_sexual_12m"              
[1011] "rsex_alcohol"                       
[1012] "rsex_marihuana"                     
[1013] "rsex_drogas_otros"                  
[1014] "pago_rsex"                          
[1015] "ultima_rsexual"                     
[1016] "uso_condon_ultima_rsex_3m"          
[1017] "uso_condon_ultima_rsex_12m"         
[1018] "uso_anticonceptivas_ultima_rsex_3m" 
[1019] "acceso_condon"                      
[1020] "satifaccion_ult_rsex"               
[1021] "p151"                               
[1022] "p152"                               
[1023] "practicas_juzgadas"                 
[1024] "procedimientos_dolor"               
[1025] "dif_edad"                           
[1026] "embarazo_no_planificado"            
[1027] "numero_padres"                      
[1028] "depresion_parto_conjunta"           
[1029] "edad_ultima_regla"                  
[1030] "p202_herpes"                        
[1031] "p202_tricomonas"                    
[1032] "p202_chlamydia"                     
[1033] "p202_gonorrea"                      
[1034] "p202_sifilis"                       
[1035] "p202_hepatitisB"                    
[1036] "p202_VPH_sola"                      
[1037] "p202_condiloma"                     
[1038] "p202_VPH_agregada"                  
[1039] "p202_VIH"                           
[1040] "p202_hepatitisC"                    
[1041] "its_alguna_vez"                     
[1042] "p203_herpes"                        
[1043] "p203_herpes_sin_na"                 
[1044] "p203_tricomonas"                    
[1045] "p203_tricomonas_sin_na"             
[1046] "p203_candidiasis"                   
[1047] "p203_candidiasis_sin_na"            
[1048] "p203_condiloma"                     
[1049] "p203_condiloma_sin_na"              
[1050] "p203_chlamydia"                     
[1051] "p203_chlamydia_sin_na"              
[1052] "p203_gonorrea"                      
[1053] "p203_gonorrea_sin_na"               
[1054] "p203_sifilis"                       
[1055] "p203_sifilis_sin_na"                
[1056] "p203_hepatitisB"                    
[1057] "p203_hepatitisB_sin_na"             
[1058] "p203_VPH_sola"                      
[1059] "p203_VPH_sola_sin_na"               
[1060] "p203_VIH"                           
[1061] "p203_VIH_sin_na"                    
[1062] "p203_hepatitisC"                    
[1063] "p203_hepatitisC_sin_na"             
[1064] "dif_edad_herpes"                    
[1065] "dif_edad_tricomonas"                
[1066] "dif_edad_candidiasis"               
[1067] "dif_edad_condiloma"                 
[1068] "dif_edad_chlamydia"                 
[1069] "dif_edad_gonorrea"                  
[1070] "dif_edad_sifilis"                   
[1071] "dif_edad_hepatitisB"                
[1072] "dif_edad_VPH_sola"                  
[1073] "dif_edad_VIH"                       
[1074] "dif_edad_hepatitisC"                
[1075] "its_5_anos"                         
[1076] "edad_ultima_its"                    
[1077] "p211_no_riesgo"                     
[1078] "p211_pareja_unica"                  
[1079] "p211_no_sabe_donde"                 
[1080] "p211_no_importante"                 
[1081] "p211_temor_resultado"               
[1082] "p211_verguenza"                     
[1083] "disfuncion_deseo"                   
[1084] "disfuncion_ereccion"                
[1085] "disfuncion_orgasmo"                 
[1086] "acoso_piropos"                      
[1087] "acoso_agarrones"                    
[1088] "acoso_exhibicionismo"               
[1089] "edad_acoso"                         
[1090] "p11_1_R"                            
[1091] "p11_2_R"                            
[1092] "p11_3_R"                            
[1093] "p11_4_R"                            
[1094] "phq4_num"                           
[1095] "phq4_cat"                           
[1096] "acuerdo_aborto"                     
[1097] "evaluacion_educacion_sexual"        
[1098] "edad_abuso"                         
[1099] "abuso_padre_madre"                  
[1100] "abuso_padrastro_madrastra"          
[1101] "abuso_tio_tia"                      
[1102] "abuso_abuelo_abuela"                
[1103] "abuso_hermano_hermana"              
[1104] "abuso_primo_prima"                  
[1105] "abuso_otro"                         
[1106] "abuso_pareja"                       
[1107] "abuso_amigo_amiga"                  
[1108] "abuso_companero_companera"          
[1109] "abuso_otro_adolescente_conocido"    
[1110] "abuso_vecino_a"                     
[1111] "abuso_amigo_a_padres"               
[1112] "abuso_profesional_salud"            
[1113] "abuso_profesor_escuela"             
[1114] "abuso_pastor_sacerdote_monja"       
[1115] "abuso_otro_adulto_conocido"         
[1116] "abuso_un_desconocido"               
[1117] "abuso_prefiere_no_responder"        
[1118] "acoso_piropos2"                     
[1119] "acoso_agarrone2"                    
[1120] "acoso_exhibicionismo2"              
[1121] "algun_acoso"                        
[1122] "interrumpir_embarazo"               
[1123] "macro_region"                       

Resultados ponderados vs no ponderados

Veamos el siguiente resultado:

P160. ¿Cuántos embarazos ha tenido a lo largo de su vida? incluya embarazos que terminaron en parto normal, parto prematuro, aborto, muerte fetal u otro problema.

Estimemos directamente en R:

Click para ver el código
# Resultado sin ponderar
mean(data$p160, na.rm=TRUE)
[1] 2.761394

Ahora ajustemos por el diseño muestral complejo:

Click para ver el código
# Ajustar el manejo de PSU solitarias
options(survey.lonely.psu = "adjust")

# Resultado ajustados por diseño muestral
svymean(~p160, design = enssex_design, na.rm = TRUE)
       mean     SE
p160 2.8235 0.0338

La estimación ponderada refleja la estructura de la población, mientras que la no ponderada refleja solo la muestra.

Algo más intuitivo srvyr

La librería srvyr es una extensión de survey que permite trabajar con diseños muestrales complejos de una manera más sencilla y compatible con el enfoque tidyverse (como dplyr y ggplot2).

Tenemos que definir en diseño de mana similar:

Click para ver el código
enssex_srvyr <- data |>
  as_survey_design(
    ids = varunit,   # UPM
    strata = varstrat,     # Estratos
    weights = w_personas_cal,   # Ponderador muestral
    nest = TRUE
  )

Veamos un ejemplo:

Click para ver el código
enssex_srvyr |>
  summarise(media_embarazos = survey_mean(p160, na.rm = TRUE))
# A tibble: 1 × 2
  media_embarazos media_embarazos_se
            <dbl>              <dbl>
1            2.82             0.0338

Esto es mucho más potente para todo lo que implica análisis descriptivo y visualización de datos.

Estimaciones descriptivas ponderadas

Vamos a trabajar los siguientes ejemplos:

Medias ajustadas

Click para ver el código
enssex_srvyr |>
  mutate(i_6_p9=if_else(i_6_p9==9, NA, i_6_p9)) |> 
  summarise(bienestar = survey_mean(i_6_p9, na.rm = TRUE))
# A tibble: 1 × 2
  bienestar bienestar_se
      <dbl>        <dbl>
1      5.08       0.0294

Intervalos de confianza

Click para ver el código
enssex_srvyr |>
  mutate(i_6_p9=if_else(i_6_p9==9, NA, i_6_p9)) |> 
  summarise(bienestar = survey_mean(i_6_p9, na.rm = TRUE, vartype = "ci"))
# A tibble: 1 × 3
  bienestar bienestar_low bienestar_upp
      <dbl>         <dbl>         <dbl>
1      5.08          5.03          5.14

Comparación de subgrupos

Click para ver el código
enssex_srvyr |>
  mutate(i_6_p9=if_else(i_6_p9==9, NA, i_6_p9)) |> 
  group_by(p1) |> 
  summarise(bienestar = survey_mean(i_6_p9, na.rm = TRUE, vartype = "ci"))
# A tibble: 2 × 4
  p1         bienestar bienestar_low bienestar_upp
  <dbl+lbl>      <dbl>         <dbl>         <dbl>
1 1 [Hombre]      5.35          5.27          5.42
2 2 [Mujer]       4.83          4.75          4.90
Click para ver el código
enssex_srvyr |>
  mutate(i_6_p9=if_else(i_6_p9==9, NA, i_6_p9)) |> 
  mutate(etario=case_when(
    edad >= 18 & edad <=29 ~ "18 a 29 años", 
    edad >= 30 & edad <=39 ~ "30 a 39 años", 
    edad >= 40 & edad <=49 ~ "40 a 49 años", 
    edad >= 50 & edad <=59 ~ "50 a 59 años", 
    edad >= 60 ~ "60 o más años", 
    TRUE ~ NA
  )) |> 
  mutate(etario = factor(etario, levels=c("18 a 29 años", 
                                          "30 a 39 años",
                                          "40 a 49 años",
                                          "50 a 59 años",
                                          "60 o más años"))) |> 
  group_by(p1, etario) |> 
  summarise(bienestar = survey_mean(i_6_p9, na.rm = TRUE, vartype = "ci"))
# A tibble: 10 × 5
# Groups:   p1 [2]
   p1         etario        bienestar bienestar_low bienestar_upp
   <dbl+lbl>  <fct>             <dbl>         <dbl>         <dbl>
 1 1 [Hombre] 18 a 29 años       5.24          5.09          5.38
 2 1 [Hombre] 30 a 39 años       5.76          5.65          5.87
 3 1 [Hombre] 40 a 49 años       5.65          5.53          5.78
 4 1 [Hombre] 50 a 59 años       5.46          5.33          5.60
 5 1 [Hombre] 60 o más años      4.66          4.51          4.81
 6 2 [Mujer]  18 a 29 años       5.34          5.24          5.44
 7 2 [Mujer]  30 a 39 años       5.37          5.25          5.48
 8 2 [Mujer]  40 a 49 años       5.21          5.07          5.36
 9 2 [Mujer]  50 a 59 años       4.74          4.57          4.90
10 2 [Mujer]  60 o más años      3.55          3.41          3.69

Ajuste de varianzas y errores estándar

¿Importa ajustar por el diseño muestral?

Comparamos errores estándar con y sin ponderadores:

Click para ver el código
# Sin diseño muestral
summary(lm(edad_primera_rsex ~ p1, data = data))

Call:
lm(formula = edad_primera_rsex ~ p1, data = data)

Residuals:
   Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
-8.348 -2.348 -0.348  1.240 57.652 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept) 15.17174    0.09512   159.5   <2e-16 ***
p1           1.58836    0.05497    28.9   <2e-16 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Residual standard error: 3.454 on 17724 degrees of freedom
  (2666 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared:  0.04499,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.04494 
F-statistic:   835 on 1 and 17724 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
Click para ver el código
# Con diseño muestral
summary(svyglm(edad_primera_rsex~ p1, design = enssex_design))

Call:
svyglm(formula = edad_primera_rsex ~ p1, design = enssex_design)

Survey design:
svydesign(id = ~varunit, strata = ~varstrat, weights = ~w_personas_cal, 
    data = data, nest = TRUE, )

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept) 15.33163    0.12328  124.36   <2e-16 ***
p1           1.53254    0.07214   21.24   <2e-16 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

(Dispersion parameter for gaussian family taken to be 11.59003)

Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 2

Ajustar por el diseño corrige los errores estándar.

Ejercicio propuesto

Replique los siguiente resultados con las variables i_1_p9 a i_6_p9:

Replique los siguientes resultados